关注 | 中国加入WIPO海牙体系和《马拉喀什条约》两部重要条约

　　据WIPO官网2022年2月5日消息，中国加入了产权组织的工业品外观设计国际注册海牙体系，这标志着国际外观设计体系的一项重大发展。中国还同时加入了《马拉喀什条约》，使世界伟大的文化和文学传统之一融入马拉喀什共同体。

　　图源于WIPO官方网站

　　产权组织总干事邓鸿森接受了中国国家版权局负责人张建春副部长递交的中国加入《马拉喀什条约》的文书，和中国国家知识产权局局长申长雨递交的中国加入海牙体系的文书。

　　中国加入的是在产权组织总干事邓鸿森先生前往中国出席2022年北京冬季奥运会开幕式之际进行的。一起出席开幕式的还有联合国秘书长古特雷斯、联合国大会主席和其他国际组织的负责人。

　　中国居民在2020年共提交了795,504项外观设计，约占全世界总数的55%。中国加入海牙体系将使这些设计人在海外保护和推广自己的作品变得更便利、更便宜。

　　中国是世界上人口最多的国家，也是世界伟大的文学和文化传统诞生地之一。加入《马拉喀什条约》意味着中国1,700多万盲人和视力障碍者[i]现在将有更多机会获得版权作品。它还将增加无障碍中文作品的跨境流动，使世界其他地区的盲人和视力障碍者能够获取这些作品。

　　“中国加入这两部条约是全球知识产权生态系统的重大进展。”产权组织总干事邓鸿森表示。

　　关于中国加入海牙体系，邓先生说：“从我们石器时代的祖先制作的最早装饰品，到我们如今在全球各地T台上看到的高级时装，设计师使我们多姿多彩，意气飞扬，生机勃勃。设计师在塑造我们的日用产品——从家庭用品、手机到虚拟设计等的外观和触感方面也在发挥更大的作用。中国加入海牙体系，意味着中国设计界将更容易保护他/她们的设计并将其推广到中国以外。海外设计师也将发现可以更容易地带着他/她们的外观设计进军世界上最大、最有活力的市场之一。”

　　关于中国批准《马拉喀什条约》，邓先生说：“中国拥有世界上最古老、最丰富且连续不断的文学和文化传统之一。随着中国加入《马拉喀什条约》，盲人或其他视力障碍者将有更多机会接触这一丰富和连续的传统。中国的盲人和视力障碍者群体估计超过1,700万人，将更容易地受益于外国作品的无障碍版本。产权组织无障碍图书联盟(ABC)与非政府组织合作，将图书转换为对视力障碍者无障碍的格式。该联盟将与利益攸关方合作，在其目前以80种语言提供的73万种图书之上，增加大量中文图书。”

　　背景：关于海牙体系

　　海牙体系为国际外观设计保护提供了一种直接的解决方案，无需在各个国家或地区单独提出多项申请。用户在线提交一份国际申请，即可在90多个国家注册多达100项外观设计。一件国际注册相当于若干件国家或地区注册。

　　随着中国的加入，中国所有的设计者将能够使用国际外观设计体系在海外保护和推广其外观设计，节省时间和金钱。一些在海牙成员国设有工厂等机构的较大型中国企业，如小米、联想等，已经在使用海牙体系——这突出表明了对更方便快捷的国际经营方式的需求。

　　当中国的加入于2022年5月5日生效时，外国设计者进入中国市场将更为容易。用一件申请，缴纳一组费用，即可在包括中国在内的94个国家申请保护。

　　工业品外观设计是指物品的装饰。工业品外观设计可以包括三维特征(如物品的形状)，也可以包括二维特征(如图案、线条或颜色)：最近，图形用户界面或虚拟世界中的物品正在成为流行的外观设计形式。有关健康和个人安全物品的外观设计注册最近也在增加，表明外观设计创新在参与遏制2019冠状病毒病全球大流行方面所起的作用。

　　关于《马拉喀什条约》

　　产权组织管理的《马拉喀什条约》通过建立一套传统版权法的限制和例外，使得专为盲人或视力障碍者改编的图书在制作和国际转移时更加容易。

　　《马拉喀什条约》于2013年6月27日通过，2016年9月30日生效。它是产权组织增长最快的条约，在2022年5月5日中国的加入生效之前，包括84个缔约方。

　　注解

　　[i] 资料来源：中国第二次全国残疾人抽样调查。该项调查经国务院批准，由中国多个部委、团体组成领导小组负责进行。

　　附：英文

　　China Joins Two Key WIPO Treaties

　　China has joined WIPO's Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs, marking a major development for the International Design System, as well as the Marrakesh Treaty, bringing one of the world’s great cultural and literary traditions into the Marrakesh community.

　　WIPO Director General Daren Tang received China's accession document to the Marrakesh Treaty from Vice Minister Zhang Jianchun, National Copyright Administration of China, and China’s accession document for the Hague System from Commissioner Shen Changyu, China National Intellectual Property Administration.

　　Chinese residents filed a total of 795,504 designs in 2020, representing some 55% of the worldwide total. China’s entry into the Hague System will make it easier and cheaper for these designers to protect and promote their work overseas.

　　China's accessions came during Mr. Tang's trip to China to attend the opening of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, where he joined UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, the President of the UN General Assembly and other heads of international organizations at these Olympic ceremonies.

　　China is the most populous country in the world, and the birthplace of one of the world’s great literary and cultural traditions. Joining the Marrakesh Treaty means that the over 17 million[i] person blind and visually impaired community in China will now have even greater access to copyrighted works. It will also increase the cross-border movement of Chinese language content in formats accessible to members of this community in other parts of the world.

　　China joining these two treaties is an important development for the global IP ecosystem.

　　——WIPO Director General Daren Tang

　　On China's accession to the Hague System, Mr Tang said: "From the earliest ornamental products made by our Stone Age ancestors to the modern day haute couture we see on runways across the globe, designers enrich, excite and enliven us. Designers are also playing a bigger role in shaping the look and feel of the products we use every day – from household products and mobile phones to virtual designs. China’s accession to the Hague System means that the design community in China will find it easier to protect and bring their designs out of China, and overseas designers will find it easier to move their designs into one of the world's largest and most-dynamic markets."

　　On China's ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty, Mr. Tang said: "China has one of the world’s oldest and richest continuing literary and cultural traditions. With China’s entry into the Marrakesh Treaty, people who are blind or have other visual impairments will benefit from having greater access to this rich and continuing tradition. And the blind and visually impaired community in China, which is estimated at over 17 million, will benefit more easily from accessible versions of foreign-produced texts. WIPO's Accessible Books Consortium (ABC), which works with NGOs to convert books into formats accessible by the visually impaired, will work with stakeholders to add a strong collection of books in Chinese to its current offering of 730,000 books in 80 languages."

　　Background

　　About the Hague System

　　The Hague System provides a straightforward solution to international design protection that eliminates the need to file separate and multiple applications in individual countries or regions. Users file one online international application to register up to 100 designs in more than 90 countries. One international registration provides you with the equivalent of a bundle of national or regional registrations.

　　With China's accession, all designers in China will be able to use the International Design System to protect and promote their designs overseas, saving time and money. Some larger Chinese enterprises with an establishment, such as a manufacturing plant, in countries that are already members, like Xiaomi, Lenovo and others, have already been using the Hague System - underlining the demand for an easier and faster way to operate internationally.

　　Foreign designers will have easier access to the Chinese market, using one application and one set of fees to file for protection in 94 countries including China when its accession comes into force on May 5, 2022.

　　Industrial designs constitute the ornamental aspect of an article. An industrial design may consist of three dimensional features, such as the shape of an article, or two dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color: More recently, graphical user interfaces or objects for the virtual world are becoming popular forms of designs. Design registrations in respect of health and personal safety items have also risen lately, showing the relevance of design innovation as part of the worldwide efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic.

　　About the Marrakesh Treaty

　　The WIPO-administered Marrakesh Treaty makes the production and international transfer of specially-adapted books for people with blindness or visual impairments easier. It does this by establishing a set of limitations and exceptions to traditional copyright law.

　　The Marrakesh Treaty was adopted on June 27, 2013, and entered into force on September 30, 2016. It is WIPO’s fasting growing treaty and now includes 84 contracting parties before China's accession comes into force on May 5, 2022.

　　[i] Source: Second National Sample Survey of the Handicapped in China - conducted by a leading group jointly formed by several Ministries and other entities in China, with the approval of the State Council.

　　来源：WIPO官